Quản trị là gì? Vai trò và chức năng của quản trị

Concept of Administration

What is governance?

Management is a broad term applied in many different fields such as Business Administration, Human Resources Management and Information Technology Management.

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However, General Management summarizes the following core definitions, which are all worth your reference:

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• According to Harold Koontz and Cyril O'Donnell, two leading researchers in Management, “Management is the establishment and maintenance of an environment so that individuals in each work group can operate effectively and towards goals. common goal.”
• According to Robert Albanese, a lecturer specializing in Management at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, “Governance is a technical and social process that utilizes resources, influences human activities, and facilitates change. to achieve organizational goals.”
• According to James Stoner and Stephen Robbins, authors of the most popular Management book in the world, “Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the activities of members of an organization, using Use all organizational resources to achieve goals.”

From the above definitions, we see that Management is a complex, diverse and unique activity. Governance is not only about the use of finances, physical assets and technology, but also about influencing people, creating change and achieving goals.

What is governance?

What is an Administrator?

The Administrator is the person responsible for operating, organizing, assigning and controlling the activities of the organization or department. They play a key role in defining strategy, guiding employees, solving problems, and evaluating performance. Managers also have a significant influence on the culture, values ​​and performance of the organization.

To do this, Managers need appropriate skills and qualities. Some skills of an Administrator include:

• Planning skills: The ability to set goals, plan and take action to achieve desired results.
• Organizational skills: Ability to arrange, distribute and utilize human, physical and financial resources for the organization or department.
• Leadership skills: Ability to guide, delegate, motivate and facilitate employees to perform tasks.
• Controlling skills: Ability to monitor, evaluate and adjust operations to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.
• Communication skills: The ability to convey information, ideas and emotions between managers and stakeholders, whether verbally, nonverbally or technologically.
• Problem solving skills: Ability to detect, analyze and solve problems that arise in the operations of the organization or department.

These concepts help you better understand Administration. Management plays an important role in creating value for the organization. Administrators have important responsibilities in implementing Administration and need to possess the necessary skills and qualities to complete their tasks effectively.

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What is the role of management?

Management is a diverse, complex and unique activity. It not only involves leveraging physical, financial and technological resources, but also influencing people, creating change and achieving goals. Therefore, Administration has many diverse roles in the operations of the organization or department. Basic Administration roles include:

• Decision: The process of determining goals, options, and actions to achieve desired results. This is one of the most important roles of Management, as it impacts the strategy, direction and achievements of the organization. Management needs the ability to analyze situations, compare options, evaluate risks and find the optimal solution for the organization.
• Connecting and communicating: The process of exchanging information, opinions and emotions between Management and stakeholders such as employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, partners and state agencies. The role of connection and communication is very important, helping to build relationships, enhance understanding and cooperation between parties. Management needs the ability to use verbal, nonverbal, and technological means to communicate effectively and persuasively.
• Representation: Role where Management participates in social, political or economic activities to protect and promote the interests of the organization. This role helps build the image, reputation and trust of the organization in the eyes of the public. Governance needs the ability to demonstrate the organization's mission, values, and commitment to stakeholders.
• Problem solving: Ability to detect, analyze and solve problems that appear in the organization's operations. This role plays a practical role, helping to overcome errors, risks and difficulties for the organization. Management needs the ability to recognize the causes, effects and solutions of problems, and to have creative and flexible thinking in coming up with solutions.
• Leadership: The ability to guide, delegate, encourage and facilitate organizational members to complete work. This role is at the core of Management, helping to motivate, engage and perform for the organization. Management needs to determine the goals, style and working methods for the organization, along with vision, creativity and responsibility in leadership.

These are the basic roles of Administration that you should understand. Administration makes an important contribution in creating growth and success for an organization or department. Administration needs to perform these roles effectively to ensure smooth operations.

The Nature of Administration

Management is not only based on the application of rules, principles, methods and tools of Management, but also requires the ability to be flexible, creative and adaptable to each specific situation. From there, Management can be viewed as a collection of both science and art.

Some perspectives on the science or art of Management can be compared and evaluated as follows:

• Management is science: This view believes that Management can be researched, analyzed and synthesized into theories, principles and methods that are objective, systematic and applicable to many organizations. different. Focus on logic, precision and justification in Administration. This perspective helps administrators accumulate basic knowledge, analytical skills and solve problems scientifically. However, this perspective does not fully include all elements of Governance, especially those related to people, culture and the environment.
• Management is an art: This view holds that Management is a creative, personal activity that cannot be copied. Focus on flexibility, uniqueness and efficiency in Administration. This perspective helps administrators adapt, create and customize to each different situation. However, this perspective does not ensure consistency, standards and control in Administration.

Conclusion: Management represents the blend of science and art. Management requires a combination of theory and practice. Administrators not only need to understand Management theories, principles and methods, but also need to know how to apply them flexibly, creatively and effectively in each specific situation. Governance not only follows objective laws, but also needs to respect humanity, culture and the environment. The ability to analyze and solve problems needs to be combined with the ability to create change and innovation. Along with knowledge and skills, character and spirit are also needed. Management can be considered a combination of science, art and a profession.

What is the function of management?

Administration undertakes many different functions in the operations of an organization or department. Core functions of Administration include:

Management and leadership

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This function leads the process of determining goals, strategies, methods and working styles for the organization or department. Management and leadership occupy a key position in Administration, because it sets the direction, goals and principles for the organization. This requires administrators to be able to clearly define what needs to be done, how to do it, and who needs to do it. Furthermore, Managers need to lead members of the organization towards common goals and commitments.

Take control of the problem

This function leads the process of monitoring, evaluating and adjusting the activities of the organization or department to ensure effectiveness and achievement. Problem control plays a practical role in Management, helping to overcome mistakes, risks and difficulties for the organization. To do this, managers need to set standards, indicators and goals to measure the organization's performance. It is also necessary to be able to compare actual results with set goals, and to discover and solve problems faced.

Organization

This function leads the process of organizing, allocating and using human, material and financial resources for the organization or department. Organization is a core element of Management, helping to create logic, arrangement and efficiency for the organization. To do this, managers need the ability to identify segments, tasks, roles and responsibilities within the organization. At the same time, they also need the ability to distribute and utilize resources in accordance with the organization's goals and strategies.

Planning

This function leads the planning, forecasting and budgeting process for the organization's or department's activities. Planning is of vital importance in Management, helping to prepare, take precautions and face the future of the organization. Administrators need the ability to determine the short-term, medium-term and long-term goals of the organization. At the same time, they also need the ability to forecast the resources, costs and time needed for the organization's activities. In addition, the ability to predict trends, opportunities and challenges is also an important factor in performing this function.

How are administration and management different?

Administration and management are two concepts that often appear in many different fields such as Business Administration, Human Resource Management, Information Technology Management and many other fields. However, Administration and management are not completely similar concepts, but they have distinct characteristics, roles, nature and functions. Let us compare and contrast the different aspects of Administration and Management as follows:

• Concept: Governance is all the processes involved in making decisions about policies, rules, goals and implementing leadership activities at a high level. On the contrary, management is the implementation, coordination and implementation of actions to achieve the goals determined by Administration.
• Role: Management is responsible for determining direction, goals and strategies for the organization or department. Meanwhile, the role of management is to implement and operate according to the direction, goals and strategies determined by the Administration.
• Nature: Management has the nature of a thinking process, because it involves making decisions based on analysis, comparison and evaluation. Meanwhile, the nature of management is implementation, which is executable, because it involves the application of skills, methods and tools to complete tasks.
• Functions: Management includes functions such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Meanwhile, management has functions such as administration, work assignment, support and supervision.

From comparing and contrasting the above aspects, we can see that Administration and management cannot exist alone in the operations of an organization or department. These two concepts need coordination and balance. Administration needs management to implement plans and policies. Management needs Administration to have clear direction and goals. Both Administration and management play important roles in creating growth and success for an organization.

Those are the issues that we have learned through the 5 main parts of the article. Thanks to that, we have a better grasp of the concept, role, identity and function of Administration, along with the distinction between Administration and management. At the same time, we have also realized that Management plays an extremely important role in creating excess value for the organization. Administrators play a key role, assuming important responsibilities in implementing Administration. To do their job effectively, they need to possess the necessary skills and qualities.

timhieulichsuquancaugiay.edu.vn hopes that this article has helped you learn more about Management in an interesting and useful way. Thank you for taking the time to read this article. Have a good day!

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