This timhieulichsuquancaugiay.edu.vn article will provide detailed information about Ngo Quyen, Vietnam's great historical hero, along with basic data about his life. We invite readers to learn together.
1. Ngo Quyen's life and background
Ngo Quyen (897-944) is a great heroic figure in Vietnamese history. He was born on March 12, Dinh Ty year (897) in Duong Lam hamlet, Ba Vi, Hanoi. His father was Ngo Man, pastor of Duong Lam, and his mother's name was Pham. In history books, Ngo Quyen is praised as a talented hero with extraordinary courage. Since childhood, he was taught by his father and absorbed the patriotic traditions of his homeland. When he grew up, Ngo Quyen stood out with his strong physique and mastery of martial arts, ready for the war against the colonial army.
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According to Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu, when Ngo Quyen was born, the house was covered with strange light, and he had an unusual appearance with three moles on his back. The fortune teller predicted that he could become an excellent leader, so he named him Quyen. Growing up, Ngo Quyen was described with handsome looks, bright eyes and a graceful gait like a tiger, along with the strength to lift a bronze cauldron.
According to history books, Ngo Quyen and Duong Dinh Nghe joined forces to repel the Southern Han army and recapture Dai La citadel in 931. After Duong Dinh Nghe became leader, he was assigned to manage the Chau Ai region (now the Thanh Hoa) and was promoted to the title of Lieutenant Governor.
Ngo Quyen is a hero with talent and enthusiasm, who worked tirelessly to bring peace and prosperity to his land. In admiration of Ngo Quyen's virtue, Duong Dinh Nghe married his beloved daughter, Duong Nhu Ngoc, to Ngo Quyen.
When he was young, Ngo Quyen lived with his parents in his hometown. Thanks to his father's education, Ngo Quyen became a master of martial arts and strategy, proficient in using weapons such as swords and spears. When the new country gained autonomy from the Khuc family, Ngo Quyen stood up to gather forces and became an important figure in Duong Lam, respected by the local people.
Ngo Quyen, the first king of the Ngo dynasty, had only one wife and four sons. His eldest son, Thien Sach Vuong Ngo Xuong Ngap, is said to have been born in the second decade of the 10th century and was chosen as his successor. However, after Ngo Quyen died, Duong Tam Kha overthrew Ngo Xuong Ngap and forced him to flee. After Duong Tam Kha was overthrown in 950, Ngo Xuong Ngap's younger brother, Nam Tan Vuong Ngo Xuong Van, brought him back and ruled together. Ngo Xuong Van deposed King Duong Binh and restored the Wu dynasty, ruling with his brother from 950 to 954. After his brother died in 954, Ngo Xuong Van continued to rule alone until his death. He was born in 965, marking the fall of the Wu dynasty. Ngo Quyen's two remaining sons, Ngo Nam Hung and Ngo Can Hung, were not recorded further in history books.
2. Ngo Quyen's career
In March 937, Duong Dinh Nghe, governor of Giao Chau, was murdered by general Kieu Cong Tien in an attempt to usurp power. This act of betrayal caused widespread indignation among the people and was strongly condemned by the generals and soldiers. To avoid Ngo Quyen's punishment, Kieu Cong Tien asked for help from the Southern Han and incited the invasion of the Southern Han army into our country. Ngo Quyen defeated the invaders and destroyed Kieu Cong Tien, but King Nam Han sent his son Luu Hoang Thao to lead the navy to invade, threatening the nation's independence.
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In the winter of 938, when the Southern Han army was preparing to invade across the Bach Dang River, Ngo Quyen implemented a sophisticated strategy, taking advantage of the tide to defeat the enemy. He established a system of sharp iron stakes in the riverbed. When the enemy entered the river, our troops lured the enemy over the pile system. Ngo Quyen commanded troops from three sides to attack the enemy at low tide. The enemy was suddenly attacked and tried to retreat to the sea but was hindered by sharp stakes. As a result, Bach Dang River became the place where the Southern Han army was buried and General Hoang Thao was killed in battle. King Nam Han, frightened, had to withdraw his army from the border and abandon the idea of invasion.
The resounding victory on the Bach Dang River in 938 marked a glorious period for the nation, ending more than a thousand years of domination by the Northern powers. From that point on, the country became independent and self-reliant. Ngo Quyen ascended the throne after this victory, established his capital at Co Loa and opened a new era of building an independent nation. He abolished the position of Lieutenant Governor and proclaimed himself king, taking the title Tien Ngo Vuong. This marked the end of the colonial period and the beginning of a period of national renaissance. Although Ngo Quyen did not leave behind any literary works, history books have recorded many good stories about him. Ngo Quyen is remembered as the man who opened the era of independence for the Vietnamese people with the historic Bach Dang victory.
3. Ngo Quyen's victory on Bach Dang River in 938
After defeating the internal rebellion, Ngo Quyen summoned the generals to discuss the plan. With outstanding strategic talent, Ngo Quyen is considered the smartest commander. During the meeting, Ngo Quyen was supported by the hero from Duong Lam. Mr. Lam commented: “Hoang Thao is a useless person, leading the army from afar, the soldiers are exhausted, hearing that Cong Tien was killed, there is no more internal response. However, our army still has strength, while the enemy has an advantage in the number of boats. If we don't prepare carefully, we can fail.'
Before the Han army invaded, Ngo Quyen mastered their plans and clearly understood the tidal laws of the Bach Dang River. This river is more than two miles wide with many branches and immense waves, surrounded by dense trees. Due to geographical characteristics, the river water level is greatly influenced by the tides, making the river bed deeper and the water can recede as quickly as 30 cm per hour. The difference in water level between high and low can be up to 2.5 – 3 meters.
Ngo Quyen implemented a defense plan by driving large stakes with iron tips at the river mouth. When the tide rises, enemy boats will easily get stuck in this row of piles. Ngo Quyen directed the preparation of stakes made of ironwood and iron tips, then placed them in the riverbed and banks of the Bach Dang River to prevent the enemy's attack.
When the tide rose, Ngo Quyen sent a small boat out to challenge and quickly retreated to lure the enemy into the stakes. Enemy boats, mainly large ones, can easily get stuck at low tide. Thanks to this strategy, our troops effectively destroyed the enemy. According to historian Le Van Huu, Ngo Quyen was a talented strategist and excellent fighter.
At the end of winter 938, more than twenty thousand troops of King Van Hoang Thao arrived at the Bach Dang River via waterway. Our troops sent small boats out into the middle of the river to lure the enemy into the stakes. Hong Tao's army, unaware, gave chase and was trapped when the tide receded. The Vietnamese insurgents ambushed from both sides and attacked directly with naval troops. This plan caused difficulties for the Southern Han army, more than 20,000 troops suffered heavy losses, General Hoang Thao was killed in battle and buried in the Bach Dang waves. The strength of the insurgent army under the command of Ngo Quyen was such that the enemy did not dare to reinforce.
King Nam Han Luu Nghiem could only cry for his son and gather the remnants of his army to return. However, he could not accept defeat and blamed General Hau Dung for “not raising the army's morale”. Even though he was dead, this general was still treated cruelly, had his body exhumed and his body exposed to vent his anger.
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The great victory at Bach Dang River at the end of 938 left a brilliant mark in Vietnamese history, recording a glorious and proud history.
To honor the great contributions of Ngo Quyen – the outstanding king and the first historical figure who helped Vietnam escape more than 1,000 years of Northern feudal domination, Ho Dac Duy's epic Dai Viet recorded the story touching: “A victory of a thousand years left behind Bach Dang River forever, Duong Lam built Ngo Vuong's legacy, leaving a mark to this day.” The Battle of Bach Dang is considered one of the greatest military victories of the Vietnamese people, defeating more than 20,000 Southern Han troops. After the victory, Ngo Quyen proclaimed himself king and opened a period of prosperity for the nation. In history books, he is praised as the “king of kings”. The Battle of Bach Dang and Ngo Quyen's reputation are still a shining symbol of the will and bravery of the Vietnamese people throughout history, and are also an important driving force to arouse the spirit of patriotism and national pride. ethnicity during the integration period. That is why the Battle of Bach Dang is still mentioned in speeches, poetry and history lessons in Vietnam today.
4. The country was under the rule of Ngo Quyen
Ngo Quyen ascended the throne on January 10, Ky Hoi year (February 1, 939). In spring 939, he proclaimed himself King of Wu and established an independent state, becoming the founding king of the Wu dynasty. The book Dai Viet Complete History calls Ngo Quyen the name Former Ngo Vuong, noting that in that spring, the king began to proclaim himself king, appoint Duong Thi as queen, and establish officials and court regulations. The Vietnamese history book also records similarly, saying that Ngo Quyen destroyed Cong Tien, defeated Hoang Thao, established himself as king, appointed Duong Thi as queen, fully appointed 100 officials, and established court rituals. family, regulated clothes and established the capital at Co Loa. He reigned for 6 years before his death.
Before ascending the throne, Ngo Quyen had to face many difficulties and challenges. He fought against hostility from other warlords in the region and Southern Han invaders. However, with talent and determination, Ngo Quyen defeated the Southern Han army in the famous Bach Dang battle, opening a new era for Vietnamese history.
After becoming king, Ngo Quyen focused on building the foundation for the country. He established state management agencies and established economic and social policies to promote national development. At the same time, he also deployed many defense systems to protect national security.
Thanks to his great contributions, Ngo Quyen left a great legacy for the country and was honored as one of the most outstanding kings in Vietnamese history.
– About the capital: Ngo Quyen chose Co Loa in Phong Chau as the capital after ascending the throne, instead of keeping Dai La. This decision reflects the sense of national pride and the need to protect national independence, based on lessons from history. Dai La was once the center of rule of the Chinese dynasties that colonized Vietnam and was a bustling commercial center with a strong presence of overseas Chinese merchants. Ngo Quyen did not choose Dai La to avoid the risk of being taken advantage of by the Northern army, like Khuc Thua My encountered.
– Regarding territory: According to scholar Dao Duy Anh, the first feudal dynasties ruled 8 continents located in the old Giao Chau land. Ngo Quyen only held power in the central regions and the Northern Delta, as well as the Thanh Nghe region. The highland provinces formerly belonging to the Tang Dynasty were governed by chiefs and only had to pay tribute. Local generals and captains submitted to the Ngo dynasty, were granted titles and lands, such as Pham Lenh Cong in Tra Huong, Le Luong in Ai Chau, and Dinh Cong Tru in Hoan Chau.
5. Relics worshiping Ngo Quyen in Vietnam
In Duong Lam village (Son Tay, Hanoi), there are many relics associated with Ngo Quyen and generals of the Ngo Vuong dynasty. Among them, Ngo Quyen temple and mausoleum in Cam Lam village, Duong Lam commune, Son Tay town are one of the most prominent landmarks. The temple was built of bricks, covered with funny-nosed tiles, facing east, surrounded by walls and decorated with a diaphragm engraved with the words “The Former King is hopeless”. Not only is it an attractive tourist destination, Ngo Quyen temple and mausoleum are also sacred places that attract many people from all over to pray and offer offerings. Currently, the great hall in the temple also serves as a gallery about Ngo Quyen's life and career, along with an exhibition about the Bach Dang victory. With important historical and spiritual significance, Ngo Quyen temple and mausoleum are a destination not to be missed when visiting Duong Lam village.
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